Domain Name System (DNS)

DNS maps names to records (A/AAAA, MX, TXT, NS, etc.). It is foundational for almost every internet investigation: passive DNS, CT correlation, mail auth (SPF/DKIM/DMARC TXT), and reputation via DNSBLs.

Umbra collectors (typical)

• dns_resolve, dns_email_auth, DNSBL reputation paths (local recursive resolver required for blocklists)